Pedicle screws are a critically important part of fusion surgery. Let’s take a look at the steps of a fusion surgery and the role pedicle screws play.

1. Fluoroscopy or Imaging:

   • Intraoperative imaging, often using fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray guidance), is employed to provide the surgeon with a clear view of the spine and ensure accurate placement of the screws.

2. Screw Insertion:

   • Using specialized instruments, the surgeon carefully drills a pilot hole through the pedicle of the vertebra. This hole is precisely positioned to allow for the safe placement of the screw.
   • The pedicle screw is then inserted into the pilot hole. It’s designed with threads that engage with the bone, providing a secure hold.

3. Stabilization:

   • Once the pedicle screw is in place, it acts as an anchor within the vertebral bone. It prevents motion between the adjacent vertebrae.

4. Rod Connection:

   • After all necessary screws are inserted, they are connected with rods. These rods are aligned parallel to the spine and attached to the screws. This forms a rigid construct, which stabilizes and supports the spine.

5. Bone Grafting:

   • In many cases, bone graft material is placed around the vertebrae. This serves two purposes: it promotes bone fusion, and it helps fill any gaps or voids created during surgery.

6. Fusion Process:

   • Over time, the bone graft material stimulates the growth of new bone. This new bone gradually fuses the adjacent vertebrae together, creating a solid, stable structure.